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Education & Reference articles (page 26)

1000 guides in this category.

Greetings and Politeness in Russian

The everyday Russian words for hello, goodbye, thank you and sorry, and when to use the formal or informal form.

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Russian Handwriting: Printed vs Cursive Letters

Why handwritten Russian can look unfamiliar, which cursive forms differ most and how to learn to read them.

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Russian Names, Patronymics and Forms of Address

How Russian full names work, what a patronymic is and how to address people politely or affectionately.

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Russian Numbers From Zero to Twenty

The Russian numbers 0 to 20 with pronunciation, plus the patterns that make them easy to remember.

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Ты and Вы: Formal and Informal You in Russian

How Russian chooses between ты and вы, what changes in verbs and what to do if you are unsure.

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Forming Plurals in Spanish

Simple rules for making Spanish nouns plural, including words ending in -z and words that change their accent.

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Greetings and Polite Phrases in Spanish

The everyday Spanish words for hello, goodbye, please and thank you, and the small customs that go with them.

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Spanish Adjectives: Agreement and Position

How Spanish adjectives change to match nouns, where they usually sit and how position can change meaning.

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Spanish Articles: el, la, un, una and the Neuter lo

How the definite and indefinite articles work in Spanish, with the special case of el before feminine nouns.

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Tú, Usted, Vosotros and Ustedes: Ways to Say You

Spanish has four main ways to say 'you', depending on formality and region. A clear guide to choosing the right one.

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Greetings and Polite Words in Tamil

The everyday Tamil words for hello, thank you, sorry and goodbye, with the customs that go with them.

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One Letter, Two Sounds: How Tamil க Becomes ga

Tamil uses one letter for k and g, and one for t and d. A guide to the rules that decide the sound.

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Spoken and Literary Tamil: Two Registers, One Language

Why spoken Tamil differs from the written form, and what learners should know about formal and colloquial speech.

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Tamil Pronouns and Levels of Respect

The Tamil words for I, you, he and she, the difference between நீ and நீங்கள், and the inclusive and exclusive we.

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Zha, La, Ra and Na: Tamil's Tricky Sounds

The Tamil letters ழ, ள, ற and ன that confuse learners, and how to tell them apart from their lookalike sounds.

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Days of the Week in Telugu

The Telugu names for the seven days and how they connect to the sun, moon and planets.

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Greetings and Polite Words in Telugu

The everyday Telugu words for hello, thank you, sorry and goodbye, with notes on respect.

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Spoken and Written Telugu: Two Registers

Why everyday spoken Telugu differs from the formal written style, and which to learn first.

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Telugu Pronouns and Levels of Respect

The Telugu words for I, you, he and she, the difference between నువ్వు and మీరు, and two kinds of we.

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Telugu Pronunciation: Aspirated and Retroflex Sounds

The sounds that English speakers find hardest in Telugu, with tips for practising them.

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Days of the Week in Yoruba

The Yoruba names for the seven days, and a note on the older four-day week.

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Reading Tone Marks: When They Appear and When They Are Dropped

How Yoruba tone marks work in writing, and how to read a text where some or all of them are missing.

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Respect in Yoruba: The Polite Ẹ and Forms of Address

How Yoruba uses plural pronouns for respect, and the titles and kinship terms used to address others.

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Yoruba Greetings for Every Time of Day

The Yoruba greetings for morning, afternoon and evening, and the culture of greeting that goes with them.

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