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Katakana in Practice: Foreign Words, Names and Look-Alikes

What katakana is used for, how the long-vowel mark and extended combinations work, and how to tell similar characters like シ and ツ apart.

Katakana is the angular twin of hiragana. It has the same sounds, but a different job.

What katakana is used for

  1. Foreign loanwords: コーヒー (kōhī, coffee), テレビ (terebi, television), ホテル (hoteru, hotel).
  2. Foreign names: アメリカ (Amerika), スミス (Sumisu, Smith).
  3. Emphasis: in signs and advertising, like italics.
  4. Sounds and onomatopoeia: ワンワン (wanwan, woof).
  5. Names of animals and plants in scientific contexts.

The chart

a i u e o
vowels ア イ ウ エ オ
k カ キ ク ケ コ
s サ シ ス セ ソ
t タ チ ツ テ ト
n ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ
h ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ
m マ ミ ム メ モ
y ヤ ユ ヨ
r ラ リ ル レ ロ
w ワ ヲ

Plus ン (n).

The long-vowel mark

Katakana uses ー to lengthen a vowel:

  • コーヒー (kōhī)
  • ケーキ (kēki, cake)
  • スーパー (sūpā, supermarket)

In hiragana, long vowels are written with an extra vowel instead: おかあさん.

Extra combinations for foreign sounds

Katakana adds combinations for sounds that don't exist in native Japanese:

Kana Sound Example
ティ ti パーティー (pātī, party)
ファ fa ファン (fan)
ウィ wi ウィンドウ (windows)
ヴ v rare, used for some foreign words

Look-alike pairs

The most confusing katakana pairs:

Pair Tip
シ (shi) / ツ (tsu) シ's strokes lean sideways; ツ's point downward
ソ (so) / ン (n) ソ's short stroke is more vertical; ン's is flatter
ク (ku) / ワ (wa) ワ has a flat top

Reading loanwords

Sound out the katakana and guess the English word. Beware that Japanese pronunciation adds vowels, so ストライク (sutoraiku) is "strike", and マクドナルド (makudonarudo) is "McDonald's".

Tips

  1. Learn katakana after hiragana.
  2. Practise reading menus and signs.
  3. Use the dictionary to check loanword meanings, which can differ from English.

Look up any word with English Japanese Dictionary →

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