Katakana in Practice: Foreign Words, Names and Look-Alikes
What katakana is used for, how the long-vowel mark and extended combinations work, and how to tell similar characters like シ and ツ apart.
Katakana is the angular twin of hiragana. It has the same sounds, but a different job.
What katakana is used for
- Foreign loanwords: コーヒー (kōhī, coffee), テレビ (terebi, television), ホテル (hoteru, hotel).
- Foreign names: アメリカ (Amerika), スミス (Sumisu, Smith).
- Emphasis: in signs and advertising, like italics.
- Sounds and onomatopoeia: ワンワン (wanwan, woof).
- Names of animals and plants in scientific contexts.
The chart
| a | i | u | e | o | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vowels | ア | イ | ウ | エ | オ |
| k | カ | キ | ク | ケ | コ |
| s | サ | シ | ス | セ | ソ |
| t | タ | チ | ツ | テ | ト |
| n | ナ | ニ | ヌ | ネ | ノ |
| h | ハ | ヒ | フ | ヘ | ホ |
| m | マ | ミ | ム | メ | モ |
| y | ヤ | ユ | ヨ | ||
| r | ラ | リ | ル | レ | ロ |
| w | ワ | ヲ |
Plus ン (n).
The long-vowel mark
Katakana uses ー to lengthen a vowel:
- コーヒー (kōhī)
- ケーキ (kēki, cake)
- スーパー (sūpā, supermarket)
In hiragana, long vowels are written with an extra vowel instead: おかあさん.
Extra combinations for foreign sounds
Katakana adds combinations for sounds that don't exist in native Japanese:
| Kana | Sound | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ティ | ti | パーティー (pātī, party) |
| ファ | fa | ファン (fan) |
| ウィ | wi | ウィンドウ (windows) |
| ヴ | v | rare, used for some foreign words |
Look-alike pairs
The most confusing katakana pairs:
| Pair | Tip |
|---|---|
| シ (shi) / ツ (tsu) | シ's strokes lean sideways; ツ's point downward |
| ソ (so) / ン (n) | ソ's short stroke is more vertical; ン's is flatter |
| ク (ku) / ワ (wa) | ワ has a flat top |
Reading loanwords
Sound out the katakana and guess the English word. Beware that Japanese pronunciation adds vowels, so ストライク (sutoraiku) is "strike", and マクドナルド (makudonarudo) is "McDonald's".
Tips
- Learn katakana after hiragana.
- Practise reading menus and signs.
- Use the dictionary to check loanword meanings, which can differ from English.
English Japanese Dictionary
Offline English–Japanese dictionary with kanji, hiragana and katakana support
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