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Tamil Sentence Structure: Subject, Object, Verb

How a Tamil sentence is built, with the verb at the end and postpositions after the noun.

If you are used to English, Tamil word order will feel reversed.

The basic order

Tamil places the verb at the end:

English Tamil
I eat rice. நான் சாதம் சாப்பிடுகிறேன்.
Subject, verb, object Subject, object, verb

The usual Tamil order is subject, object, verb.

Examples

  • நான் தமிழ் படிக்கிறேன். (naan thamizh padikkiraen) I am learning Tamil.
  • அவள் பாடல் பாடுகிறாள். (aval paadal paadugiraal) She sings a song.
  • அவர்கள் வீட்டுக்குப் போகிறார்கள். (avargal veettukkup pogiraargal) They go home.

Postpositions

English uses prepositions, which go before a noun. Tamil uses postpositions, which go after:

  • வீட்டுக்கு முன் (veettukku mun), in front of the house
  • மேசைக்கு மேல் (maesaikku mael), above the table
  • என்னுடன் (ennudan), with me

No "to be" in the present

Tamil often leaves out "is", "am" and "are":

  • நான் மாணவன். I am a student.
  • இது புத்தகம். This is a book.

Describing words come first

Adjectives go before the noun, as in English:

  • பெரிய வீடு (periya veedu), a big house
  • சிவப்பு பூ (sivappu poo), a red flower

Questions

A question word usually sits just before the verb:

  • நீ எங்கே போகிறாய்? Where are you going?

Dropping words

Because the verb ending shows the subject, Tamil often drops the pronoun:

  • போகிறேன். I'm going.

Practising

Build sentences by starting with the verb in mind, and put everything else before it.

Tips

  1. Verb last.
  2. Postpositions follow the noun.
  3. Use the dictionary to check words.

Look up any Tamil word with English Tamil Dictionary →

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English Tamil Dictionary

Offline English–Tamil dictionary with meanings in proper Tamil script

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