Asking Questions in German: W-Words, Yes/No Questions and Answers
How to form questions in German, the W-question words, case forms like wem and wen, wo-compounds, and how to answer with ja, nein and doch.
German questions follow two easy patterns: put the verb first for yes/no questions, or begin with a question word (most start with W) for open questions.
Yes/no questions
The verb comes first, then the subject:
- Sprichst du Deutsch? — Do you speak German?
- Bist du müde? — Are you tired?
- Hast du Zeit? — Do you have time?
- Kommt er heute? — Is he coming today?
There's no do: German doesn't need a helper verb.
Question words (W-words)
The question word comes first, then the verb in second position:
- wer — who: Wer ist das?
- was — what: Was machst du?
- wo — where: Wo wohnst du?
- wohin — where to: Wohin gehst du?
- woher — where from: Woher kommst du?
- wann — when: Wann beginnt der Film?
- warum / wieso / weshalb — why: Warum lernst du Deutsch?
- wie — how: Wie geht es dir?
- wie viel / wie viele — how much / how many: Wie viel kostet das?
- welcher / welche / welches — which: Welches Buch möchtest du?
- wessen — whose: Wessen Auto ist das?
Common phrases
- Wie heißt du? / Wie heißen Sie? — What's your name?
- Wie alt bist du? — How old are you?
- Woher kommst du? — Where do you come from?
- Wo wohnst du? — Where do you live?
- Was machst du beruflich? — What do you do for a living?
- Wie spät ist es? — What time is it?
- Was kostet das? — How much does it cost?
- Wo ist der Bahnhof? — Where is the station?
- Wie komme ich zum Bahnhof? — How do I get to the station?
- Sprechen Sie Englisch? — Do you speak English?
Wer, wen, wem: case matters
The word wer changes with case:
- Nominative: Wer ist das? — Who is that?
- Accusative: Wen siehst du? — Whom do you see?
- Dative: Wem gehört das Buch? — Whom does the book belong to?
- Genitive: Wessen Buch ist das? — Whose book is it?
Similarly, was is was in nominative and accusative.
Question words with prepositions
With prepositions, a person uses wer in the right case: Mit wem sprichst du? — Who are you speaking with? Für wen ist das?
For things, German uses wo(r)- + preposition:
- Womit schreibst du? — What do you write with?
- Worauf wartest du? — What are you waiting for?
- Woran denkst du? — What are you thinking about?
- Wofür brauchst du das? — What do you need it for?
(wo- before a consonant, wor- before a vowel.)
Which: welcher
Welch- declines like dieser: Welchen Film siehst du? Mit welchem Bus fährst du? (See our article on articles.)
Tag questions
To seek agreement, add a tag:
- ..., oder? — Right? Du kommst morgen, oder?
- ..., nicht wahr? — Isn't that so? (formal)
- ..., ne? or ..., ja? — casual
Answering
- Ja — yes
- Nein — no
- Doch — yes, contradicting a negative question: Kommst du nicht? — Doch!
- Vielleicht — maybe
- Ich weiß nicht. — I don't know.
Indirect questions
In a subordinate clause, the verb goes to the end: Ich weiß nicht, wo er wohnt. Kannst du mir sagen, wie spät es ist? For yes/no questions, use ob: Ich frage mich, ob er kommt.
Politeness
- Entschuldigung, wo ist ...? — Excuse me, where is...?
- Könnten Sie mir bitte sagen, ...? — Could you tell me, please...?
Common mistakes
- Using do: Do du sprichst Deutsch?
- Putting the verb third: Wo du wohnst?
- Using nein instead of doch after a negative question.
- Using the wrong case after wer.
Look up German question words with English German Dictionary →
English German Dictionary
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