German Family and Relationship Words, Including Freund and Schwager
German vocabulary for relatives, partners and in-laws, plus the false friends Freund/Freundin, Mann/Frau and Gift-style traps for English speakers.
Family vocabulary is among the first you'll learn, and German has a few words that surprise English speakers.
Immediate family
- die Eltern — parents
- die Mutter / der Vater
- die Mama / der Papa — mum / dad
- die Geschwister — siblings (a word English lacks)
- der Bruder / die Schwester
- der Sohn / die Tochter
- das Kind / die Kinder
- das Einzelkind — only child
- die Zwillinge — twins
Extended family
- die Großeltern — grandparents
- die Großmutter / die Oma — grandmother
- der Großvater / der Opa — grandfather
- der Enkel / die Enkelin — grandson / granddaughter
- der Onkel / die Tante
- der Cousin / die Cousine
- der Neffe / die Nichte
- die Verwandten — relatives
- die Familie
Partners and marriage
- der Ehemann / die Ehefrau — husband / wife
- der Mann / die Frau — man / woman, and also husband / wife (mein Mann = my husband)
- der Partner / die Partnerin
- der Freund / die Freundin — friend, and also boyfriend / girlfriend
- der Verlobte / die Verlobte — fiancé / fiancée
- die Hochzeit — wedding
- verheiratet / ledig / geschieden / verwitwet — married / single / divorced / widowed
- die Lebensgefährtin / der Lebensgefährte — partner (long-term)
In-laws and step-relatives
- die Schwiegermutter / der Schwiegervater — mother-in-law / father-in-law
- der Schwiegersohn / die Schwiegertochter — son-in-law / daughter-in-law
- der Schwager / die Schwägerin — brother-in-law / sister-in-law
- die Stiefmutter / der Stiefvater — stepmother / stepfather
- der Stiefbruder / die Stiefschwester — stepbrother / stepsister
- der Halbbruder / die Halbschwester — half-brother / half-sister
False friends and traps
- Freund / Freundin: mein Freund can mean "my friend" or "my boyfriend", depending on context. To be clear, say ein guter Freund (a good friend) or mein fester Freund (my steady boyfriend).
- Mann / Frau: these are "man" and "woman" but also "husband" and "wife". Meine Frau is "my wife", not "my woman".
- Bekannter: an acquaintance, not "a known one".
- Kind / Kinder: das Kind is neuter, and the plural Kinder is also the word for "children" as a group.
- Eltern means parents, not relatives. Relatives are Verwandte.
- Gift in German means "poison", which is unrelated to das Geschenk (present). Don't say ein Gift für dich.
Possessive articles
- mein (my), dein (your), sein (his, its), ihr (her, their), unser (our), euer (your, plural), Ihr (your, formal)
They decline like ein: mein Vater, meine Mutter, meine Eltern. Note: sein means "his" but also "to be", depending on context.
Talking about your family
- Ich habe zwei Brüder und eine Schwester. — I have two brothers and a sister.
- Ich bin Einzelkind. — I'm an only child.
- Meine Eltern wohnen in Hamburg. — My parents live in Hamburg.
- Mein Vater arbeitet als Lehrer. — My father works as a teacher.
- Ich bin der Älteste / die Älteste. — I'm the eldest.
- Ich bin verheiratet und habe zwei Kinder.
Age and birthdays
- Wie alt bist du?
- Ich bin dreißig Jahre alt.
- Ich habe am 3. März Geburtstag.
- Alles Gute zum Geburtstag! — Happy birthday!
Family occasions
- die Geburt — birth
- die Taufe — christening
- die Hochzeit — wedding
- die Beerdigung — funeral
- das Familientreffen — family gathering
- der Muttertag / der Vatertag — Mother's Day / Father's Day
Learning tips
- Draw your family tree and label it in German.
- Learn each noun with its article (der Bruder, die Schwester).
- Practise the possessives in all cases.
- Note the plural forms: die Brüder, die Schwestern.
English German Dictionary
Offline English–German dictionary that handles compound words and noun gender
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