The て-Form: The Most Useful Shape of a Japanese Verb
How to form the て-form of Japanese verbs and use it for requests, ongoing actions, permission and linking sentences.
If you learn one verb form beyond -ます, make it the て-form. It appears in requests, ongoing actions and sentences that join events together.
Forming the て-form
Group 1 (る-verbs)
Drop る, add て:
- 食べる → 食べて (tabete)
- 見る → 見て (mite)
- 起きる → 起きて (okite)
Group 2 (う-verbs)
The ending depends on the last kana:
| Ending | Change | Example |
|---|---|---|
| う, つ, る | って | 買う → 買って (katte), 待つ → 待って (matte), 帰る → 帰って (kaette) |
| む, ぶ, ぬ | んで | 飲む → 飲んで (nonde), 遊ぶ → 遊んで (asonde) |
| く | いて | 書く → 書いて (kaite) |
| ぐ | いで | 泳ぐ → 泳いで (oyoide) |
| す | して | 話す → 話して (hanashite) |
Exceptions and irregulars
- 行く → 行って (itte), the exception to the く rule
- する → して (shite)
- 来る → 来て (kite)
Uses of the て-form
1. Requests: ~てください
- 見てください。 — Please look.
- 待ってください。 — Please wait.
- ゆっくり話してください。 — Please speak slowly.
2. Ongoing action: ~ています
- 食べています。 — I'm eating.
- 勉強しています。 — I'm studying.
- 東京に住んでいます。 — I live in Tokyo.
3. Permission: ~てもいいです
- 入ってもいいですか。 — May I come in?
- 写真を撮ってもいいですか。 — May I take a photo?
4. Prohibition: ~てはいけません
- ここで食べてはいけません。 — You must not eat here.
5. Linking actions
- 朝起きて、顔を洗って、朝ご飯を食べます。 — I get up, wash my face and eat breakfast.
Tips
- Learn the group 2 rules by ending.
- Memorise the exception 行って.
- Practise ください and います first.
- Use the dictionary to check verb forms.
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