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Telling the Time in Japanese: 時, 分 and 半

How to say hours and minutes in Japanese, the sound changes in 分, and the words for a.m., p.m., half past and now.

Telling the time uses counters for hours and minutes. Once you know their patterns, you can read any clock.

Hours: 時 (じ, ji)

The hour is the number plus 時:

Time Japanese Reading
1 o'clock 一時 いちじ (ichiji)
2 o'clock 二時 にじ (niji)
3 o'clock 三時 さんじ (sanji)
4 o'clock 四時 よじ (yoji)
5 o'clock 五時 ごじ (goji)
6 o'clock 六時 ろくじ (rokuji)
7 o'clock 七時 しちじ (shichiji)
8 o'clock 八時 はちじ (hachiji)
9 o'clock 九時 くじ (kuji)
10 o'clock 十時 じゅうじ (jūji)

Note the special readings: 4 o'clock is よじ (not yonji), 7 is しちじ and 9 is くじ.

Minutes: 分 (ふん / ぷん)

The minute counter changes sound depending on the number:

Minutes Reading
1 いっぷん (ippun)
2 にふん (nifun)
3 さんぷん (sanpun)
4 よんぷん (yonpun)
5 ごふん (gofun)
6 ろっぷん (roppun)
7 ななふん (nanafun)
8 はっぷん (happun)
9 きゅうふん (kyūfun)
10 じゅっぷん (juppun)

Larger numbers follow the last digit: 15 is じゅうごふん, 20 is にじゅっぷん.

Half past

For 30 minutes, say 半 (はん, han), meaning "half":

  • 三時半 (さんじはん, sanji han) — 3:30

Morning and afternoon

  • 午前 (ごぜん, gozen) — a.m.
  • 午後 (ごご, gogo) — p.m.

午前九時 is 9 a.m. and 午後三時 is 3 p.m.

Useful phrases

  • 今何時ですか。 (Ima nanji desu ka?) — What time is it now?
  • 三時です。 (Sanji desu.) — It's three o'clock.
  • 三時半です。 (Sanji han desu.) — It's half past three.
  • 何時に始まりますか。 (Nanji ni hajimarimasu ka?) — What time does it start?
  • 九時に始まります。 (Kuji ni hajimarimasu.) — It starts at nine.

The particle に (ni) marks "at" a time.

Other time words

  • 今 (いま, ima) — now
  • 今日 (きょう, kyō) — today
  • 明日 (あした, ashita) — tomorrow
  • 昨日 (きのう, kinō) — yesterday
  • 朝 (あさ, asa) — morning
  • 夜 (よる, yoru) — night

Tips

  1. Learn the special hours (4, 7, 9).
  2. Practise minutes with a clock.
  3. Use the dictionary to check readings.

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