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Japanese Question Words: 何, 誰, どこ, いつ and なぜ

The main Japanese question words with examples, how to build questions with か, and the everyday questions to use in conversation.

Japanese question words replace the missing information in a sentence, and the word order stays the same. You can also add か to turn any statement into a question.

The core words

Japanese Reading Meaning
何 なに / なん (nani / nan) what
誰 だれ (dare) who
どこ doko where
いつ itsu when
なぜ / どうして naze / dōshite why
どう dō how
いくら ikura how much (price)
いくつ ikutsu how many, how old
どれ dore which (of several)
どの dono which (+ noun)

何 is read なん before です and some counters: 何ですか (nan desu ka).

Examples

  • これは何ですか。 — What is this?
  • あの人は誰ですか。 — Who is that person?
  • トイレはどこですか。 — Where is the toilet?
  • いつ行きますか。 — When will you go?
  • どうして遅れましたか。 — Why were you late?
  • これはいくらですか。 — How much is this?
  • どうやって行きますか。 — How do you go there?
  • 何時ですか。 — What time is it?

Building questions

Replace the missing part with the question word, keep the particle, and add か:

  • 昼ご飯に何を食べますか。 — What will you eat for lunch?
  • どこで買いましたか。 — Where did you buy it?
  • だれと行きますか。 — Who are you going with?

Note that は and が with question words:

  • だれが来ましたか。 — Who came? (が, not は)

Question words with も

Adding も and a negative gives "nothing", "nobody" or "nowhere":

  • 何も食べませんでした。 — I ate nothing.
  • だれも来ませんでした。 — Nobody came.
  • どこにも行きませんでした。 — I went nowhere.

Everyday questions

  • お名前は何ですか。 — What's your name?
  • どこから来ましたか。 — Where are you from?
  • 趣味は何ですか。 — What are your hobbies?
  • これは日本語で何と言いますか。 — How do you say this in Japanese?

Tips

  1. Learn the ten question words as a set.
  2. Practise with what you see around you.
  3. Use the dictionary to check readings.

Look up any word with English Japanese Dictionary →

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