Weather and Seasons in French: Il Fait Beau, Il Pleut and More
French weather vocabulary and expressions, why weather uses 'faire', the four seasons, and regional terms like mistral and canicule.
Weather is the universal conversation starter, and in French the key verb is not "to be" but "to make": il fait beau, literally "it makes fine".
Asking about the weather
- Quel temps fait-il ? — What's the weather like?
- Il fait quel temps ? — (casual)
- Quelle est la météo ? — What's the forecast?
- La météo — the weather forecast
Weather with faire
- Il fait beau. — It's nice weather.
- Il fait mauvais. — The weather's bad.
- Il fait chaud. — It's hot.
- Il fait froid. — It's cold.
- Il fait frais. — It's cool.
- Il fait doux. — It's mild.
- Il fait lourd. — It's muggy.
- Il fait du vent. — It's windy.
- Il fait du soleil. — It's sunny (also il y a du soleil).
- Il fait nuit / jour. — It's night / day.
Other weather verbs and phrases
- Il pleut. — It's raining.
- Il neige. — It's snowing.
- Il gèle. — It's freezing.
- Il y a des nuages. — It's cloudy.
- Il y a du brouillard. — It's foggy.
- Il y a un orage. — There's a thunderstorm.
- Le ciel est couvert / dégagé. — The sky is overcast / clear.
- Il y a de la neige / de la glace / du verglas. — There's snow / ice / black ice.
Temperature
- la température
- Il fait vingt degrés. — It's 20 degrees (Celsius).
- Il fait moins cinq. — It's minus five.
- les degrés Celsius
France uses the Celsius scale.
Seasons
- le printemps — spring
- l'été — summer
- l'automne — autumn
- l'hiver — winter
Prepositions: au printemps, but en été, en automne, en hiver.
Useful nouns
- la pluie — rain
- la neige — snow
- le vent — wind
- le soleil — sun
- le nuage — cloud
- l'orage — thunderstorm
- la tempête — storm
- l'éclair — lightning
- le tonnerre — thunder
- l'arc-en-ciel — rainbow
- la canicule — heatwave
- la vague de froid — cold snap
Regional weather
- le mistral — a strong, cold wind in Provence and the Rhône valley
- la tramontane — a northerly wind in Languedoc
- la canicule — the summer heatwaves that occasionally hit France
- le verglas — black ice, a hazard in winter driving
Clothing for weather
- un parapluie — umbrella
- un imperméable — raincoat
- des bottes — boots
- un manteau — coat
- une écharpe — scarf
- des lunettes de soleil — sunglasses
- un chapeau — hat
Conversation
- Il fait beau aujourd'hui, n'est-ce pas ? — Nice weather today, isn't it?
- On dirait qu'il va pleuvoir. — It looks like rain.
- Il fait un temps de chien. — The weather's awful (literally "dog weather").
- Il pleut des cordes. — It's pouring (literally "raining ropes").
- Après la pluie, le beau temps. — After the rain, the good weather.
Le temps
Le temps means both "weather" and "time", so context matters: Quel temps fait-il ? (weather) versus Quelle heure est-il ? (the hour). Avoir le temps means "to have time".
Practice
Describe the weather each morning in French for a week, then describe your favourite season and why.
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