Six Irregular French Verbs to Learn First: Aller, Faire, Prendre, Vouloir, Pouvoir, Devoir
The present-tense forms and everyday uses of the most useful irregular French verbs, with polite phrases for requests and plans.
Irregular verbs don't follow the regular patterns, but some of the most common verbs in French are irregular. Learning a few of them early makes conversation much easier.
Aller (to go)
| je vais | nous allons |
|---|---|
| tu vas | vous allez |
| il / elle / on va | ils / elles vont |
Uses:
- Je vais à Paris. — I'm going to Paris.
- Comment allez-vous ? — How are you?
- Ça va ? — How's it going?
- Near future: Je vais manger. — I'm going to eat.
Faire (to do, to make)
| je fais | nous faisons |
|---|---|
| tu fais | vous faites |
| il / elle / on fait | ils / elles font |
Uses:
- Je fais mes devoirs. — I'm doing my homework.
- Il fait beau. — The weather is nice.
- Nous faisons du sport. — We play sports.
- Ça ne fait rien. — It doesn't matter.
Prendre (to take)
| je prends | nous prenons |
|---|---|
| tu prends | vous prenez |
| il / elle / on prend | ils / elles prennent |
Uses:
- Je prends le train. — I take the train.
- Elle prend un café. — She's having a coffee.
- Prenez à gauche. — Turn left.
Also: apprendre (to learn), comprendre (to understand), surprendre (to surprise) follow the same pattern.
Vouloir (to want)
| je veux | nous voulons |
|---|---|
| tu veux | vous voulez |
| il / elle / on veut | ils / elles veulent |
Uses:
- Je veux un café. — I want a coffee.
- Tu veux venir ? — Do you want to come?
- Je voudrais... — I would like... (polite form, conditional)
- Voulez-vous m'aider ? — Would you help me?
Je voudrais is the polite way to order or request: Je voudrais un café, s'il vous plaît.
Pouvoir (to be able to, can)
| je peux | nous pouvons |
|---|---|
| tu peux | vous pouvez |
| il / elle / on peut | ils / elles peuvent |
Uses:
- Je peux parler français. — I can speak French.
- Pouvez-vous m'aider ? — Can you help me?
- Je peux entrer ? — May I come in?
- Il peut pleuvoir. — It may rain.
Devoir (to have to, must)
| je dois | nous devons |
|---|---|
| tu dois | vous devez |
| il / elle / on doit | ils / elles doivent |
Uses:
- Je dois partir. — I have to leave.
- Vous devez payer ici. — You must pay here.
- Il doit être fatigué. — He must be tired.
- To owe: Je vous dois dix euros. — I owe you ten euros.
Using them together with an infinitive
Vouloir, pouvoir and devoir are followed directly by an infinitive:
- Je veux partir. — I want to leave.
- Elle peut venir. — She can come.
- Nous devons travailler. — We must work.
Polite requests
- Pourriez-vous m'aider ? — Could you help me?
- Je voudrais réserver une table. — I'd like to book a table.
- Est-ce que je pourrais ? — Could I?
Common mistakes
- Using voudrais and veux interchangeably: voudrais is more polite.
- Adding à or de after vouloir/pouvoir/devoir.
- Forgetting irregular stems: nous faisons (pronounced "fuh-zon").
Pronunciation
Faisons has a special pronunciation: "fuh-zon". Peux and veux have the eu sound.
Tips
- Learn all six as a group.
- Practise polite phrases.
- Use them for daily plans: Je dois... Je veux... Je peux...
Practice
Write six sentences about your week using each verb once.
Look up irregular French verbs with English French Dictionary →
English French Dictionary
Offline English–French dictionary with meanings, gender and accents handled properly
More about English French Dictionary
Asking Questions in French: Intonation, Est-ce que and Inversion
Three ways to ask yes/no questions in French, the main question words, and which style to use in speech and in writing.
Read article →Être and Avoir: The Two Verbs That Run French
The conjugations and everyday uses of être (to be) and avoir (to have), including age, hunger and cold, professions, il y a and their role as auxiliary verbs.
Read article →French Negation: Ne…pas, Ne…jamais, Ne…plus, Ne…rien and More
How French negation wraps around the verb, the main negative pairs, what happens in the passé composé, and why spoken French often drops 'ne'.
Read article →Regular French Verbs in the Present Tense: -er, -ir and -re
How to conjugate the three groups of regular French verbs in the present tense, with model verbs, common spelling changes and pronunciation notes.
Read article →