Asking Questions in French: Intonation, Est-ce que and Inversion
Three ways to ask yes/no questions in French, the main question words, and which style to use in speech and in writing.
French gives you several ways to ask a question, from casual to formal. Knowing all three helps you understand what you hear and choose the right register.
Way 1: intonation (casual)
Just raise your voice at the end of a statement:
- Tu viens ? — Are you coming?
- Vous parlez anglais ? — Do you speak English?
- Il fait beau ? — Is the weather nice?
This is common in everyday speech and informal writing.
Way 2: est-ce que (neutral)
Put Est-ce que in front of a statement:
- Est-ce que tu viens ?
- Est-ce que vous parlez anglais ?
- Est-ce qu'il fait beau ? (que becomes qu' before a vowel)
This works in speech and writing, in most situations.
Way 3: inversion (formal)
Swap the subject pronoun and the verb, joined with a hyphen:
- Viens-tu ?
- Parlez-vous anglais ?
- Fait-il beau ?
When a verb ends in a vowel in the il/elle/on form, add -t- to help pronunciation: A-t-il faim ?, Parle-t-elle français ?
With a noun subject, keep the noun and add a pronoun: Marie parle-t-elle français ?
Inversion is common in formal writing, polite speech and set phrases: Parlez-vous anglais ? is standard for travellers.
Question words
- qui — who: Qui est-ce ?
- que / qu'est-ce que — what: Que fais-tu ? / Qu'est-ce que tu fais ?
- quoi — what (after a preposition or at the end): Tu fais quoi ?
- où — where: Où habitez-vous ?
- quand — when: Quand partez-vous ?
- pourquoi — why: Pourquoi es-tu triste ?
- comment — how: Comment allez-vous ?
- combien — how much/how many: Combien ça coûte ?
- quel / quelle / quels / quelles — which, what: Quelle heure est-il ?, Quel âge as-tu ?
- lequel / laquelle — which one
Using question words
With intonation (casual): Tu habites où ? With est-ce que (neutral): Où est-ce que tu habites ? With inversion (formal): Où habites-tu ?
Common set phrases
- Comment vous appelez-vous ? / Comment tu t'appelles ? — What's your name?
- Quel âge avez-vous ? — How old are you?
- Où est la gare ? — Where's the station?
- Combien ça coûte ? — How much is it?
- Qu'est-ce que c'est ? — What is it?
- Pourquoi pas ? — Why not?
- Quelle heure est-il ? — What time is it?
Answering
- Oui — yes
- Non — no
- Si — yes (contradicting a negative question)
- Peut-être — perhaps
Tag questions
- n'est-ce pas ? — isn't it?, right? (formal)
- non ? or hein ? — casual: Tu viens, non ?
Which style to use
- Conversation with friends: intonation.
- Most general situations: est-ce que.
- Formal situations, writing, and common polite phrases: inversion.
Listen for the style used around you and follow.
Common mistakes
- Using inversion without a hyphen.
- Forgetting -t-.
- Using the wrong question word: quel versus que.
- Raising intonation with est-ce que, which isn't needed.
Practice
Write ten questions about a friend's daily life, using each of the three forms at least three times.
Look up French question words with English French Dictionary →
English French Dictionary
Offline English–French dictionary with meanings, gender and accents handled properly
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