Por or Para? And Other Preposition Puzzles in Portuguese
How to choose between por and para, plus a guide to em, de, a and com, with examples.
Prepositions cause trouble in every language. In Portuguese, the pair por and para is the classic puzzle.
Para: purpose, destination and deadlines
Para looks forward. It points to a goal.
| Use | Example |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Estudo para aprender. — I study to learn. |
| Destination | Vou para o Porto. — I'm going to Porto. |
| Recipient | Este presente é para ti. — This gift is for you. |
| Deadline | Preciso disto para amanhã. — I need this by tomorrow. |
| Opinion | Para mim, é fácil. — For me, it's easy. |
Por: cause, means and passing through
Por looks at reasons and routes.
| Use | Example |
|---|---|
| Reason or cause | Fiquei em casa por causa da chuva. — I stayed home because of the rain. |
| Means | Falamos por telefone. — We talk by phone. |
| Passing through | Passei pela praça. — I went through the square. |
| Exchange | Paguei dez reais por isto. — I paid ten reais for this. |
| Duration | Estudei por duas horas. — I studied for two hours. |
| Agent of passive | O livro foi escrito por ele. — The book was written by him. |
| Per | três vezes por semana — three times a week |
A quick test
- Is it a goal or destination? → para.
- Is it a cause, route or exchange? → por.
Contractions
Por merges with articles: pelo, pela, pelos, pelas. Para may shorten to pra in speech.
Other prepositions
| Preposition | Basic use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| em | in, on, at | Estou em casa. |
| de | of, from | Sou de Lisboa. |
| a | to (movement, time) | Vou a Lisboa. |
| com | with | Vou com amigos. |
| sem | without | café sem açúcar |
| sobre | about, on | um livro sobre história |
| entre | between | entre eu e você |
| até | until, as far as | até amanhã |
Em versus a
With movement, a and para are both used, and em is for where you are: Estou em Lisboa. Vou a Lisboa. Vou para Lisboa.
Common mistakes
- Using por for a destination.
- Using para for a reason.
- Forgetting contractions (writing "por o").
Tips
- Remember para = goal, por = reason.
- Learn set phrases like por favor, por exemplo.
- Use the dictionary to check examples.
English Portuguese Dictionary
Offline English–Portuguese dictionary with gender and accents handled properly
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