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Past Tenses in Portuguese: The Perfeito and the Imperfeito

How to use Portuguese's two main past tenses: one for completed actions, one for habits and background, with the endings for each.

Portuguese has two everyday past tenses. The pretérito perfeito tells what happened, and the pretérito imperfeito describes how things were or used to be.

Pretérito perfeito: completed actions

falar comer partir
eu falei comi parti
tu falaste comeste partiste
você, ele, ela falou comeu partiu
nós falámos (PT) / falamos (BR) comemos partimos
vocês, eles, elas falaram comeram partiram

Common irregulars:

Verb eu ele/ela
ser / ir fui foi
ter tive teve
fazer fiz fez
estar estive esteve
dizer disse disse
ver vi viu

Ser and ir share the same forms in this tense: fui means "I was" or "I went".

Pretérito imperfeito: habits and background

falar comer partir
eu falava comia partia
tu falavas comias partias
você, ele, ela falava comia partia
nós falávamos comíamos partíamos
vocês, eles, elas falavam comiam partiam

Irregular imperfects are few: ser (era, éramos), ter (tinha), vir (vinha) and pôr (punha).

Choosing between them

Use the perfeito for Use the imperfeito for
a completed event a habit or repeated action
a single moment background and description
a sequence of actions an action in progress
something that happened once ages, times, feelings in the past

Examples

  • Ontem fui ao cinema. — Yesterday I went to the cinema. (completed)
  • Quando era criança, morava no campo. — When I was a child, I lived in the countryside. (habit and background)
  • Eu estava a ler quando ele chegou. — I was reading when he arrived. (background, then event)
  • Fazia frio e chovia. — It was cold and raining. (description)

Signal words

Perfeito Imperfeito
ontem, anteontem sempre, todos os dias
de repente normalmente, geralmente
uma vez, duas vezes enquanto, naquela época

Tips

  1. Learn the perfeito of ser/ir, ter and fazer.
  2. Remember: perfeito = event, imperfeito = scene.
  3. Use the dictionary to check irregular forms.

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