Past Tenses in Portuguese: The Perfeito and the Imperfeito
How to use Portuguese's two main past tenses: one for completed actions, one for habits and background, with the endings for each.
Portuguese has two everyday past tenses. The pretérito perfeito tells what happened, and the pretérito imperfeito describes how things were or used to be.
Pretérito perfeito: completed actions
| falar | comer | partir | |
|---|---|---|---|
| eu | falei | comi | parti |
| tu | falaste | comeste | partiste |
| você, ele, ela | falou | comeu | partiu |
| nós | falámos (PT) / falamos (BR) | comemos | partimos |
| vocês, eles, elas | falaram | comeram | partiram |
Common irregulars:
| Verb | eu | ele/ela |
|---|---|---|
| ser / ir | fui | foi |
| ter | tive | teve |
| fazer | fiz | fez |
| estar | estive | esteve |
| dizer | disse | disse |
| ver | vi | viu |
Ser and ir share the same forms in this tense: fui means "I was" or "I went".
Pretérito imperfeito: habits and background
| falar | comer | partir | |
|---|---|---|---|
| eu | falava | comia | partia |
| tu | falavas | comias | partias |
| você, ele, ela | falava | comia | partia |
| nós | falávamos | comíamos | partíamos |
| vocês, eles, elas | falavam | comiam | partiam |
Irregular imperfects are few: ser (era, éramos), ter (tinha), vir (vinha) and pôr (punha).
Choosing between them
| Use the perfeito for | Use the imperfeito for |
|---|---|
| a completed event | a habit or repeated action |
| a single moment | background and description |
| a sequence of actions | an action in progress |
| something that happened once | ages, times, feelings in the past |
Examples
- Ontem fui ao cinema. — Yesterday I went to the cinema. (completed)
- Quando era criança, morava no campo. — When I was a child, I lived in the countryside. (habit and background)
- Eu estava a ler quando ele chegou. — I was reading when he arrived. (background, then event)
- Fazia frio e chovia. — It was cold and raining. (description)
Signal words
| Perfeito | Imperfeito |
|---|---|
| ontem, anteontem | sempre, todos os dias |
| de repente | normalmente, geralmente |
| uma vez, duas vezes | enquanto, naquela época |
Tips
- Learn the perfeito of ser/ir, ter and fazer.
- Remember: perfeito = event, imperfeito = scene.
- Use the dictionary to check irregular forms.
English Portuguese Dictionary
Offline English–Portuguese dictionary with gender and accents handled properly
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