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"To Be" in Kannada: ಇದೆ, ಇಲ್ಲ and the Missing Copula

Kannada often needs no verb for 'is'. Learn how to say identity, location and existence, and the difference between ಇಲ್ಲ and ಅಲ್ಲ.

English needs "is" in nearly every statement. Kannada often doesn't. The way to say "X is Y" depends on what you want to say.

Identity: no verb needed

To say what someone is, place two nouns together:

  • ನಾನು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ. — I am a student.
  • ಇದು ಪುಸ್ತಕ. — This is a book.
  • ಅವನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ. — He is a teacher.
  • ಇದು ನನ್ನ ಮನೆ. — This is my house.

For politeness or clarity, you may add a verb ending: ನಾನು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಆಗಿದ್ದೇನೆ. (I am a student.)

Existence and location: ಇದೆ

ಇದೆ (ide) means "there is" or "is (located)", and it's used for things:

  • ಮೇಜಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಇದೆ. — There is a book on the table.
  • ನೀರು ಇದೆ. — There is water.

For people, the verb agrees with the subject:

Subject Form
ನಾನು ಇದ್ದೇನೆ
ನೀವು ಇದ್ದೀರಿ
ಅವನು ಇದ್ದಾನೆ
ಅವಳು ಇದ್ದಾಳೆ
ನಾವು ಇದ್ದೇವೆ
ಅವರು ಇದ್ದಾರೆ
  • ನಾನು ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ್ದೇನೆ. — I am at home.
  • ಅವಳು ಬೆಂಗಳೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ್ದಾಳೆ. — She is in Bengaluru.

Negatives: two words

Word Use Example
ಇಲ್ಲ (illa) there is not; absence ನೀರು ಇಲ್ಲ. — There is no water.
ಅಲ್ಲ (alla) is not (identity) ಇದು ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಅಲ್ಲ. — This is not a book.

Compare:

  • ನಾನು ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲ. — I am not at home.
  • ನಾನು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ ಅಲ್ಲ. — I am not a teacher.

Mixing these up is a very common mistake.

Questions

  • ಇದು ಪುಸ್ತಕವೇ? — Is this a book?
  • ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇದ್ದೀರಾ? — Are you at home?
  • ನೀರು ಇದೆಯಾ? — Is there water?

Tips

  1. Use ಇದೆ for existence and location.
  2. Use ಅಲ್ಲ for negative identity and ಇಲ್ಲ for absence.
  3. Use the dictionary to check forms.

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English Kannada Dictionary

Offline English–Kannada dictionary with meanings in proper Kannada script

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