Kannada Pronouns and Verb Endings for He, She and They
The Kannada personal pronouns, how the verb ending changes with the subject, and the difference between ನೀನು and ನೀವು.
Kannada verbs change their ending to match the subject, including gender. That means once you know the endings, you can often drop the pronoun.
The pronouns
| English | Kannada | Roman |
|---|---|---|
| I | ನಾನು | nānu |
| you (informal) | ನೀನು | nīnu |
| you (respectful, plural) | ನೀವು | nīvu |
| he | ಅವನು | avanu |
| she | ಅವಳು | avaḷu |
| it | ಅದು | adu |
| this | ಇದು | idu |
| we | ನಾವು | nāvu |
| they (people, respectful) | ಅವರು | avaru |
Verb endings (present/future)
Using ಮಾಡು (to do):
| Subject | Verb form |
|---|---|
| ನಾನು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ |
| ನೀನು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತೀಯ |
| ನೀವು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತೀರಿ |
| ಅವನು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾನೆ |
| ಅವಳು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾಳೆ |
| ನಾವು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ |
| ಅವರು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ |
| ಅದು | ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ |
Notice that the ending shows both person and gender for the third person: -ತ್ತಾನೆ (he) and -ತ್ತಾಳೆ (she).
Using them
- ನಾನು ಹೋಗುತ್ತೇನೆ. — I go / I will go.
- ಅವನು ಬರುತ್ತಾನೆ. — He comes / will come.
- ಅವಳು ಓದುತ್ತಾಳೆ. — She reads.
- ನೀವು ಎಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತೀರಿ? — Where are you going?
ನೀನು or ನೀವು?
- ನೀನು is informal: used with close friends, children and younger people.
- ನೀವು is respectful, and also the plural "you". Use it with strangers, elders and in professional settings.
When unsure, use ನೀವು.
Respectful third person
ಅವರು is both "they" and a respectful "he" or "she" for an elder or someone you respect:
- ಅವರು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು. — He/she is a teacher. (respectful)
- ಅವರು ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. — He/she (respected person) is coming.
Dropping the pronoun
Because the verb shows the person, Kannada speakers often skip the pronoun:
- ಹೋಗುತ್ತೇನೆ. — (I) will go.
- ಬರುತ್ತೀರಾ? — Will (you) come?
Tips
- Learn the verb endings with one verb.
- Use ನೀವು by default.
- Use the dictionary to check verb forms.
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