Possessives in Gujarati: નો, ની, નું and ના
How Gujarati says 'of' and 'belonging to' with નો, ની, નું and ના, agreeing with the thing owned, and the possessive pronouns મારો, તારી and તમારું.
To say "Ram's house" or "the city's name", Gujarati uses a small word that changes to match the thing that's owned, not the owner. This is one of the most useful patterns to learn.
The forms
The possessive marker is નો (masculine), ની (feminine), નું (neuter) and ના (plural, or before another postposition). It agrees with the noun that follows (the possession):
- રામનો ભાઈ — Ram's brother (masculine)
- રામની બહેન — Ram's sister (feminine)
- રામનું ઘર — Ram's house (neuter)
- રામના મિત્રો — Ram's friends (plural)
Notice the marker follows the owner, and its form depends on what's owned.
More examples
- ભારતનો ઇતિહાસ — India's history
- શાળાની ઇમારત — the school's building
- શહેરનું નામ — the city's name
- બાળકના રમકડાં — the child's toys
- ગુજરાતની સંસ્કૃતિ — Gujarat's culture
Possessive pronouns
For "my", "your" and so on, Gujarati uses pronoun forms that also agree with the possessed noun:
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| my | મારો | મારી | મારું | મારા |
| your (informal) | તારો | તારી | તારું | તારા |
| his / her / its | તેનો | તેની | તેનું | તેના |
| our (excl.) | અમારો | અમારી | અમારું | અમારા |
| our (incl.) | આપણો | આપણી | આપણું | આપણા |
| your (formal) | તમારો | તમારી | તમારું | તમારા |
| their | તેમનો | તેમની | તેમનું | તેમના |
Examples:
- મારો ભાઈ — my brother
- મારી માતા — my mother
- મારું નામ — my name
- મારા માતાપિતા — my parents
- તમારું નામ શું છે? — What is your name?
Asking "whose?"
કોનો / કોની / કોનું / કોના means "whose", and agrees the same way: આ કોનું પુસ્તક છે? — Whose book is this?
Possessives with relatives
Even with people, the marker follows the same rule: મારી માતા, મારા પિતા, તમારા ભાઈ. In respectful speech, the plural is often used for a single elder: મારા પિતા (my father), તેમના પિતા (his father).
Two kinds of "our"
Gujarati distinguishes:
- અમારું — ours, excluding the listener ("ours, not yours").
- આપણું — ours, including the listener ("ours, yours and mine").
This is a lovely feature not found in English: આપણું ગુજરાત ("our Gujarat", including everyone).
Learning tips
- Learn the four endings for the possessed noun's gender and number.
- Practise with family: મારો, મારી, મારું, મારા.
- Notice આપણું versus અમારું.
- Read simple sentences and identify the marker.
Common beginner errors
- Matching the marker with the owner's gender instead of the possession's.
- Forgetting the plural ના.
- Using અમારું when you mean "ours, including you".
Dictionary tip
A dictionary entry shows a noun's gender, which tells you which possessive ending to use.
Look up Gujarati nouns and their gender with English Gujarati Dictionary →
English Gujarati Dictionary
Offline English–Gujarati dictionary with meanings in proper Gujarati script
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