Gujarati Postpositions: ને, થી, માં, પર and More
How Gujarati uses postpositions that come after the noun instead of English prepositions, with the main ones, examples and how they attach to pronouns.
English puts small words before nouns ("in the house"). Gujarati puts them after ("house in"), so they're called postpositions. There are only a handful of common ones, and they're easy to learn.
The main postpositions
| Postposition | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ને | to, (object marker) | રામને પુસ્તક આપ્યું. (gave the book to Ram) |
| થી | from, by, with (means) | ઘરથી (from home), પેનથી (with a pen) |
| માં | in, inside | ઘરમાં (in the house), શહેરમાં (in the city) |
| પર | on, upon | ટેબલ પર (on the table) |
| માટે | for | તમારા માટે (for you) |
| સાથે | with (company) | મિત્ર સાથે (with a friend) |
| સુધી | until, up to | સાંજ સુધી (until evening) |
| વિશે | about | તેના વિશે (about him) |
| પાસે | near, with (possession) | મારી પાસે (I have; near me) |
| નીચે | below, under | ઝાડ નીચે (under the tree) |
| આગળ | in front of | ઘર આગળ (in front of the house) |
| પાછળ | behind | દુકાન પાછળ (behind the shop) |
Attached forms
માં, ને, થી and પર often attach directly to the noun (ઘરમાં, રામને) or stand as separate words, depending on writing style. પર and માટે are usually separate.
With pronouns
Postpositions attach to pronoun forms:
- મને (to me, me), તને (you), તેને (him/her/it), અમને, તમને, તેમને
- મારા માટે (for me), તમારી સાથે (with you), તેના વિશે (about him)
Examples in sentences
- હું ઘરમાં છું. — I'm in the house.
- પુસ્તક ટેબલ પર છે. — The book is on the table.
- હું અમદાવાદથી આવ્યો છું. — I've come from Ahmedabad.
- તે મિત્ર સાથે જાય છે. — He goes with a friend.
- આ ભેટ તમારા માટે છે. — This gift is for you.
- મને પાણી આપો. — Give me water.
"I have": મારી પાસે
Gujarati expresses possession with પાસે (near/with): મારી પાસે પુસ્તક છે. — I have a book (literally "near me a book is").
Word order: the postposition follows the noun
English: "in the city" → Gujarati: શહેરમાં ("city-in"). English: "with a friend" → મિત્ર સાથે.
The object marker ને
ને marks the indirect object ("to") and sometimes the direct object, especially for people: હું રામને જોઉં છું (I see Ram). For inanimate objects, it's often dropped.
Learning tips
- Learn the ten most common postpositions.
- Attach them to nouns and pronouns.
- Think "noun + word" instead of "word + noun".
- Practise place words by describing a room.
Common beginner errors
- Putting the postposition before the noun.
- Forgetting the object marker with people.
- Confusing પર (on) and માં (in).
Look up Gujarati words and their use with English Gujarati Dictionary →
English Gujarati Dictionary
Offline English–Gujarati dictionary with meanings in proper Gujarati script
More about English Gujarati Dictionary
Gujarati Present, Past and Future Tenses for Beginners
How to conjugate a regular Gujarati verb in the present, past and future, using લખવું (to write) as a model, with the most useful irregular verbs.
Read article →Gujarati Pronouns: તું, તમે, આપ and Showing Respect
The Gujarati personal pronouns, the three levels of 'you', the inclusive and exclusive 'we', and how respect shows in verbs and address.
Read article →Possessives in Gujarati: નો, ની, નું and ના
How Gujarati says 'of' and 'belonging to' with નો, ની, નું and ના, agreeing with the thing owned, and the possessive pronouns મારો, તારી and તમારું.
Read article →The Verb 'To Be' in Gujarati: છું, છે, છો and હતો
The present and past forms of 'to be' in Gujarati, how they combine with other verbs, and how to make sentences about identity, place and description.
Read article →